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从湿地水文的角度对典型通江湖泊——洞庭湖3个时期的最小生态需水量进行了研究。结果表明:(1)1974和1988年的最小生态水位均为24m,而1998年为24.6m;(2)1974、1988和1998年的最小生态蓄水量分别为21.06×108、18.04×108和18.80×108 m3;(3)1974～1987、1988～1997和1998～2007年的最小出湖生态需水量的平均值分别为3 396、3 379和4 717m3/s,最小入湖生态需水量的平均值分别为2 657、2 704和3 745m3/s。可见,随着洞庭湖的演变,1974年最小生态水位比1998年大幅减少,最小生态蓄水量明显增加,出、入湖最小生态需水量不均衡增加。最后,对洞庭湖最小生态需水量的变化原因进行了分析,并提出了生态恢复对策。
From the perspective of wetland hydrology, the minimum ecological water requirement of three typical Tongjiang lakes and Dongting Lake was studied. The results showed that: (1) The minimum ecological water level in both 1974 and 1988 were 24 m, compared with 24.6 m in 1998; (2) The minimum ecological water storage in 1974, 1988 and 1998 were respectively 21.06 × 108 and 18.04 × 108 and 18.80 × 108 m3; (3) The average of the minimum ecological water requirement for lakes from 1974 to 1987, from 1988 to 1997 and from 1998 to 2007 is 3 396, 3 379 and 4 717 m 3 / s, respectively. The minimum ecological water requirement The average values were 2 657, 2 704 and 3 745 m 3 / s, respectively. It can be seen that with the evolution of Dongting Lake, the minimum ecological water level dropped sharply in 1974 compared with that in 1998, the minimum ecological water storage capacity increased significantly, and the minimum ecological water demand required for entry and exit increased. Finally, the reason of the change of the minimum ecological water demand in Dongting Lake is analyzed, and the countermeasures of ecological restoration are put forward.