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生殖细胞在有性繁殖的生物中肩负着将遗传信息在世代中传递的重要任务,通过精卵结合产生新的个体。对于具有这些特殊性质的生殖细胞,科学家们早在十年前就致力于体外培养和诱导分化成精子和卵子的研究,试图使得精子和卵子能源源不断地通过体外分化产生,这一研究一旦取得成功,将对了解生殖细胞的发生、调控机理、遗传修饰以及对临床治疗不育疾病产生深远意义的影响。而雄性生殖细胞的生长发育过程的调控研究从未停止过,其中包括内源性调控因素以及外源性活性物质,其主要涉及到关键基因、信号通路等因素的调控。本文总结鸡雄性生殖细胞分化调控的研究现状与进展,阐述了关键基因对鸡雄性生殖细胞分化的影响以及鸡雄性生殖细胞生成过程中不同信号通路的调节机制,明确了参与调控的关键基因和信号通路。
Germ cells in sexual reproduction organisms shoulder the important task of transmitting genetic information in the generation, through the combination of sperm and egg to produce new individuals. For germ cells that have these special properties, scientists tended to focus on culturing and inducing differentiation into spermatozoa and eggs in vitro ten years ago in an attempt to keep sperm and egg energy sources from differentiating in vitro. Once obtained, Success, will understand the germ cell’s occurrence, the regulation mechanism, the genetic modification as well as has the far-reaching significance to the clinical treatment infertility disease. However, the regulation of the growth and development of male germ cells has never stopped, including the endogenous regulatory factors and exogenous active substances, which mainly involve the regulation of key genes and signal pathways. This article summarizes the research progress and progress of regulation of male germ cell differentiation in chicken and expounds the influence of key genes on the differentiation of male germ cells in chicken and the regulation mechanism of different signal pathways in the process of chicken male germ cell generation, clarifies the key genes and signals involved in regulation path.