研究作家作品一向有两种方法,其一是只看作品,从文本中发现作家;其二是了解作家的经历,把有关作品的一切背景资料尽量搜集完全,把作品放到具体的创作环境中解读。前一种方法多采用与同时代作品、不同时代同类作品甚至中外文学的比较研究,不太受外界因素和研究者感情影响;后一种方法,有利于对作品深入解读,同时却也不可避免地受到干扰。以往我较多采用了前一种方式,只看作品不看作家,后来在研究鲁迅先生时碰到了一个棘手的问题,因为“时差”导致不能还原作品而误读,十分恼人,所以急切 There are two ways to study a writer’s work. One is to look at the work only, discover the writer from the text, and second, to understand the writer’s experience, to collect all the background information about the work as completely as possible and to put the work into a specific creative environment Interpretation. The former method mostly uses comparative studies with contemporary works, contemporary works of different ages and even Chinese and foreign literature, and is less influenced by external factors and sentiment of researchers; the latter method is conducive to an in-depth interpretation of the work, but it is also inevitable Disturbed. In the past, I used the former method more. I only saw that the works did not look like writers. Later, I encountered a thorny problem when I studied Mr. Lu Xun because “time difference” was so annoying that I could not restore the works because I was so annoyed that I was anxious