目的:探讨慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease，CKD）3~5D期患儿肾性贫血的临床特点，为规范化诊治提供参考数据。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院就诊的CKD患儿的临床资料，按照估算肾小球滤过率分成CKD 3期组、4期组及5期组，比较各组患儿的贫血指标。分析维持性透析5D期患儿的贫血指标、治疗及贫血改善情况。结果:共有171例CKD患儿纳入研究。CKD 3期、4期和5期患儿的血红蛋白水平依次为（126.4±20.5）g/L、（90.8±26.0）g/L和（78.7±18.4）g/L，组间比较差异有统计学意义（n χ2=61.982，n P<0.001；趋势性检验n F=71.061，n P<0.001）。CKD 3期、4期和5期患儿的贫血发生率分别为27.3%（9/33）、83.3%（25/30）和95.4%（105/108）。CKD 3期患儿轻、中、重度贫血占比分别为15.2%（5/33）、12.1%（4/33）及0（0），CKD 4期患儿轻、中、重度贫血占比分别为26.7%（8/30）、50.0%（15/30）及6.7%（2/30），而CKD 5期患儿轻、中、重度贫血占比分别为21.3%（23/108）、60.2%（65/108）及15.8%（17/108）。贫血多为正细胞正色素性贫血。5D期30例患儿透析初期血红蛋白为（79.3±16.3）g/L。CKD 5D期患儿中23例以促红细胞生成素配合口服铁剂或蔗糖铁静脉输注治疗，5D期患儿初期、1个月、2个月及3个月的贫血治疗达标率分别为6.7%（2/30）、16.7%（5/30）、63.3%（19/30）和90.0%（27/30），贫血纠正时间为（2.5±1.0）个月。接受蔗糖铁静脉输注的12例CKD 5D期患儿未见不良反应。n 结论:肾性贫血在儿童CKD患儿中发生率高，早期、规范化治疗对于改善肾性贫血具有重要意义。静脉铁输注为维持性透析患儿较安全有效的治疗手段。“,”Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) at the stage 3-5D in children with renal anemia, and provide reference data for standardized diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A single-center retrospective study was conducted to collect clinical data in children with CKD at Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2018. The patients were divided into CKD stage 3 group, stage 4 group and stage 5 group according to estimated glomerular filtration rate. The indexes of anemia among the groups were compared. Data on anemia indicators, treatment, and anemia improvement in maintenance dialysis children at stage 5D were analyzed.Results:A total of 171 children with CKD were included in the study. The hemoglobin levels in CKD stage 3 group, stage 4 group and stage 5 group were (126.4±20.5) g/L, (90.8±26.0) g/L and (78.7±18.4) g/L, respectively, and there was a statistical difference among the groups (n χ2=61.982, n P<0.001; trend testn F=71.061, n P<0.001). The incidences of anemia in children with CKD stage 3, stage 4 and stage 5 were 27.3% (9/33), 83.3% (25/30) and 95.4% (105/108), respectively. Mild, moderate and severe anemia in children with CKD stage 3 accounted for 15.2%(5/33), 12.1% (4/33) and 0(0), respectively. Mild, moderate and severe anemia in children with CKD stage 4 accounted for 26.7% (8/30), 50.0% (15/30) and 6.7% (2/30), respectively. Mild, moderate and severe anemia in children with CKD stage 5 accounted for 21.3%(23/108), 60.2%(65/108) and 15.8%(17/108), respectively. Anemia type was mostly normocytic anemia. The hemoglobin of 30 children with CKD stage 5D at the initial stage of dialysis was (79.3±16.3) g/L. Twenty-three children with CKD stage 5D received erythropoietin combined with oral iron or intravenous iron therapy. The hemoglobin compliance rates in children with maintenance dialysis in initial phase, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months were 6.7% (2/30), 16.7%(5/30), 63.3%(19/30) and 90.0%(27/30), respectively. The correction time for anemia was (2.5±1.0) months. Twelve children with CKD stage 5D received iron sucrose infusion, and no adverse reaction occurred.n Conclusions:Renal anemia has a high incidence in children with CKD. Early and standardized treatment is of great significance to improve outcome of renal anemia. Venous iron infusion is a safe and effective treatment method for children with maintenance dialysis.