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铅锌矿的开采和选冶使含锌和镉等有害物质的尾矿暴露于地表,这些有毒元素通过自然风化淋滤作用进入地表水,进而污染矿区水体,对矿区生态环境破坏性极大。本文通过对贵州都匀牛角塘富镉锌矿区河流、选矿厂排放的污水、坑道水进行采样分析,发现矿区水体呈弱碱性,水体重金属污染并不严重,其中Cd等重金属有毒元素的含量大多没有超过生活用水国家标准和农业灌溉水国家标准。结合已有研究成果,认为碳酸岩地区碱性环境限制了镉等重金属有毒元素的活化迁移,使其就近富集在矿区土壤、植物及河流沉积物中。更重要的是由于碳酸盐岩对矿山酸性排水的中和缓冲作用,降低了矿石的风化淋滤速度,减轻了因铅锌矿开采和选冶活动导致的Zn、Cd等有毒重金属元素对矿区环境的污染,为非碳酸岩地区铅锌矿山环境污染和治理提供了一些借鉴。
The mining and smelting of lead-zinc mine exposes tailings containing harmful substances such as zinc and cadmium to the earth’s surface. These toxic elements enter the surface water through natural weathering and leaching, which in turn pollutes the water body in the mining area and greatly destroys the ecological environment in the mining area. In this paper, we sampled and analyzed the sewage and pit water collected from the rivers and beneficiation plants in Niujiaotang, Guizhou Province, and found that the water in the mining area was weakly alkaline and the heavy metal pollution in water was not serious. The content of heavy metals such as Cd was mostly Did not exceed the national standards for domestic water and agricultural irrigation water national standards. Combined with the existing research results, it is considered that the alkaline environment in carbonate rocks limits the activation and migration of toxic elements such as heavy metals such as cadmium, making them enriched in the soil, plants and river sediments near mining areas. More importantly, due to the neutralization and cushioning effect of carbonate rock on acid drainage in mines, the weathering leaching rate of the ore is reduced and the effects of toxic heavy metal elements such as Zn and Cd on the mining area Environmental pollution, for non-carbonated lead-zinc mine environmental pollution and governance provide some reference.