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葡萄糖在体内的平衡受胰岛α细胞分泌的胰升血糖素(GCG)及胰岛β细胞分泌的胰岛素的精确调节。糖尿病是胰岛素缺陷或IR所致,GCG分泌绝对或相对过多在其中扮演着重要的角色。既往对胰岛β细胞功能的研究较多,对胰岛α细胞的研究较少,多种因素参与调节GCG分泌,如营养物质、内分泌激素和神经递质等。糖尿病患者FPG和PPG水平升高与高GCG血症密切相关,GCG参与糖尿病病理生理过程,胰岛α细胞功能异常导致机体对低血糖的反应能力下降,与糖尿病的发生发展密切相关。故研究胰岛α细胞在糖尿病发生发展中的作用,对治疗糖尿病有指导意义。
The balance of glucose in the body is precisely regulated by glucagon (GCG) secreted by pancreatic α-cells and insulin secreted by pancreatic β-cells. Diabetes is caused by insulin deficiency or IR, and absolute or relative GCG secretion plays an important role. Previous studies of pancreatic β-cell function more, less on the islet α-cell research, a variety of factors involved in regulating GCG secretion, such as nutrients, endocrine hormones and neurotransmitters. Increased levels of FPG and PPG in diabetic patients are closely related to high GCG hyperlipidemia. GCG is involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes. The dysfunction of pancreatic α-cells leads to the decrease of hypoglycemia response, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetes. Therefore, the study of pancreatic α-cell function in the development of diabetes, the treatment of diabetes is instructive.