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用１２个小麦亲本，采用不完全双列杂交方式建立３５个组合，对１５个小麦茎叶穗形态性状进行了遗传分析．结果表明：所测１５个性状遗传力均较高。除小穗数主要由基因加性效应决定，非加性基因效应不显著外，其余１４个性状的表现由加性和非加性基因共同决定。除小穗数和叶宽外，其余各性状的Ｇ．Ｃ．Ｖ．均较大，表明对其选择和改良的潜力较大。亲本的自身表现与一般配合力密切相关。８１６８—０—１４，绵８９—４７和陕西７８５９是茎叶穗综合形态性状一般配合力较好的亲本，绵０１８２１具有较强致矮力。文中探讨了利用Ｆ１遗传信息，对指导亲本选配的作用和意义。
A total of 35 combinations of 12 wheat parents were used to analyze the morphological traits of stems and leaves of 15 wheat cultivars by incomplete diallel cross. The results showed that the heritability of 15 traits was high. Except spikelet number is mainly determined by gene additive effect, non-additive gene effect is insignificant, and the performance of other 14 traits is determined by both additive and non-additive genes. In addition to spikelet number and leaf width, the rest of the traits G. C. V. Are larger, indicating that their potential for selection and improvement is greater. The parent’s own performance is closely related to the general combining ability. 8168-0-14, Mian 89-47 and Shaanxi 7859 are the parents with better general combining ability of stem and leaf spike morphological characters. Mian 01821 has stronger induced dwarfness. In this paper, the use of F1 genetic information to explore the role of parents and the significance of matching.