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近年来，纤维素纳米晶体被广泛用于生物、医药、材料及纤维素机理性研究中，而理解纤维素在碱性环境中变化对其有效利用至关重要。本文对不同碱浓度处理后的纤维素纳米晶体样品利用X-射线衍射（XRD）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）进行表面性质研究。研究结果表明纳米纤维素晶体样品在10%NaOH浓度附近开始发生晶型转化，并且在完全转化为纤维素Ⅱ后表面羟基含量减少，O/C 比例减少。该研究结论对解释纤维素酶在纤维素晶型结构的转变后的吸附变化以及纤维素纳米晶体的利用具有指导意义。“,”Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been widely used in biology, medicine, materials and cellulose mechanistic studies recently. Understanding the changes of CNCs in an alkaline media is essential to their applications. In this paper, CNC samples treated by different alkali concentrations were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the polymorphic conversion for mercerized CNC samples took place in the vicinity of 10%NaOH concentration, and the hydroxyl content on the surface of the cellulose Ⅱ crystals reduced and the O/C ratio decreased as well. This study provided evidences to explain the different adsorption behaviors of cellulases onto cellulose substrates which suffered different treatments, and also offered some merits to its applications.