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人类对流域生态系统的干预,导致季节性淹没区减少,天然湿地丧失,生态环境的恶化和生物多样性锐减,土地利用方式发生了剧烈变化。以流域整体性理论、物种多样性理论、物种耐性理论和景观生态学理论为基础,分析了土地利用方式对生态需水的影响。结果表明,河岸天然植被生态系统通过削减洪峰、增补枯水和截留污染物的作用,来影响流域的水量分配和水质改善,使流域受水分不足威胁的程度降低,即在更大的时间与空间尺度上,保证了流域对生态水的需求。因此,为了流域生态系统的可持续发展,应采取保护湿地、河溪森林植被、水陆交错带等合理的土地利用方式。
Human intervention in river basin ecosystems led to the reduction of seasonal inundation areas, the loss of natural wetlands, the deterioration of ecological environment and the sharp decrease of biodiversity, and the drastic changes of land use patterns. Based on the theories of basin integrity, species diversity, species resistance and landscape ecology, the impacts of land use on ecological water demand are analyzed. The results showed that the riparian natural vegetation ecosystem affected the water quantity distribution and water quality improvement in the basin by reducing the flood peak, adding dry water and interception of pollutants, which reduced the degree of threatened by the water deficit in the basin, that is, in more time and space On the scale, to ensure the basin’s ecological water demand. Therefore, in order to ensure the sustainable development of the basin ecosystem, proper land use patterns such as wetland protection, river forest vegetation and water-land interlacing should be adopted.