清末新政是近代中国早期现代化发展中的一个重要阶段。在改革过程中,清政府面对由战争赔款和举办新政经费所引起的财政危机,通过各种额外的赋税加征,直接将经济压力转嫁给广大农民,使得农民对新政的态度由不理解、不支持转向排斥和仇视,从而引发了全国范围的以反对新政为标志的农民与政府之间公开的暴力冲突。尽管农民对新政不加区分的抗拒带有很大的非理性成份,却使得新政的推行失去了执行的社会基础,最终加速了清王朝的灭亡。 The New Deal in Late Qing Dynasty is an important stage in the early modernization of modern China. In the course of the reform, the Qing government faced the financial crisis caused by the war reparations and the funds for holding the New Deal. Through various additional taxes and levies, the Qing government directly shifted the economic pressure to the majority of peasants, so that the peasants’ attitude toward the New Deal was not understood, It does not support the shift towards exclusion and hatred, which has led to a nationwide violent conflict between peasants and the government, which is marked by the opposition to the New Deal. Although the peasants’ irrational resistance to the New Deal did not have a big irrational component, it made the implementation of the New Deal lost the social foundation for its implementation and eventually accelerated the demise of the Qing dynasty.