论文部分内容阅读
自从1956年美国人麦克林把集装箱运输推到海上运输后,国际海上集装箱运输发展迅速,从1970年的316万TEU发展到1990年的3799万TEU,年平均增长率为13.24％,而同时期外贸海运总量年增长率仅2.29％。其中80年代年增长率为8.7％,低于70年代的17.97％,尽管运量大幅度增长,但运力增长远高于运量的增长,遂使集装箱航运市场也和其他国际航运市场一样,成为一个竞争激烈的市场。为了提高经济效益,各班轮公司采取了各种措施,其主要的有:采取新的市场经营
Since the transfer of container transport by American Macklin to sea by the United States in 1956, the international container shipping has developed rapidly from 3.16 million TEU in 1970 to 37.99 million TEU in 1990 with an average annual growth rate of 13.24% The total annual growth rate of foreign trade by sea is only 2.29%. The annual growth rate in the 1980s was 8.7%, down from 17.97% in the 1970s. Although the volume of transportation increased substantially, the capacity growth was much higher than that of the volume of transportation. As a result, the container shipping market became the same as other international shipping markets, becoming A highly competitive market. In order to improve economic efficiency, the liner companies have taken various measures, the main ones are: to adopt a new market operation