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印度自2002年正式批准转基因Bt棉商业化种植,十年来其所引起的争议几乎从未停止过。本文以印度Bt棉争议为例,对争议中反映出的两种考察视角以及二者之间的主要分歧做出分析。本文认为,与大多数新品种(尤其是外来品种)的引进一样,转基因农作物的商业化种植并不只是品种替换的问题,更是一种农业经营方式的更替乃至经济秩序的重建。在这一过程中,Bt棉种子所扮演的角色是生物技术跨国公司在贸易自由化与全球化背景下藉以实现资本增值的工具,这也正是导致印度农民悲剧的原因。
India officially approved the commercial cultivation of transgenic Bt cotton in 2002, and the controversy it caused over the past decade has almost never stopped. This article takes Bt cotton dispute in India as an example to analyze the two kinds of investigation perspectives reflected in the dispute and the main differences between the two. This paper argues that the commercialization of GM crops, as with the introduction of most new breeds (especially exotic breeds), is not just a matter of breed replacement, but a replacement of farming practices and even the rebuilding of economic order. In this process, Bt cotton seed plays a role as a tool for biotech multinationals to realize capital appreciation in the context of trade liberalization and globalization, which is why the tragedy of Indian farmers is caused.