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西方国家的票据制度至为强调票据的流通性。美国学者 Norton 在《世界贸易和贸易融资》(World Tradeand Trade Finance)一书中指出,票据的流通性,是票据的核心内容。1990年修订后的《美国统一商法典》(Uniform Commercial Code,UCC)将第三章由商业票据(Commercial Paper)改回为流通票据(Negotiable In-struments)也可见此一意旨。然而,由于不具有法定货币的强制效力,票据的流通与货币的流通仍有区别,债务人以票据清偿债务时不同于法定货币而须征得债权人的同意。背书行为是票据行为的转让方式,更是汇票流通功能的重要体现。
Western bill system to emphasize the liquidity of bills. According to Norton, a scholar in the United States, in his book World Trade and Trade Finance, the liquidity of bills is at the core of the notes. This is also true as the 1990 Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) changed Chapter 3 from Commercial Paper back into Negotiable In-struments. However, due to the lack of the mandatory effect of the legal tender, there is still a difference between the circulation of bills and the circulation of currency. When the debtors pay off the debts differently from the legal tender, the consent of the creditors is required. Endorsement behavior is the transfer of the bill behavior, but also an important manifestation of the bill of exchange function.