于江西鄱阳、上高县,选用代表性晚粳稻品种(武运粳24、南粳44、镇稻11、常优1号、常优5号、甬优8号),在高产栽培条件下以当地代表性晚籼稻品种为对照,系统比较了粳、籼稻间产量、品质和效益的差异,初步阐明了双季晚粳生产力优势,并从温光利用、株型、光合物质生产等方面探讨了其优势形成的生态生理特征。结果表明,3年晚粳平均产量分别为9.6、8.3、9.9 t hm–2(2011年上高县甬优8号最高产量田块达10.6 t hm–2),极显著高于晚籼,而其产量高的主要原因是每穗粒数、结实率显著或极显著高于籼稻;晚粳加工品质、食味品质优于晚籼(晚粳出糙率、精米率、整精米率显著或极显著高;籽粒直链淀粉、蛋白质含量显著或极显著低,胶稠度显著或极显著长),外观品质逊于晚籼(粳稻的垩白率、垩白大小、垩白度均显著或极显著高于籼稻);晚粳效益高于晚籼(3年晚粳的纯收益分别为11 890.6、10 252.1、16 565.9元hm–2,分别高23.8%、23.6%、26.7%)。双季晚粳生产力优势形成的相关生理生态特征为,较籼稻全生育期特别是结实期明显延长,抽穗结实期较籼稻适应凉爽气候,增加对温光资源利用,能正常成熟;后期有较高光合生产能力,增大了群体光合物质生产积累量,源库协调性好,库容总充实量高;生育后期在偏低温气候下不早衰,维持较强根系和较大茎鞘强度,具有较强群体抗倒伏能力。 Representative cultivars of late japonica rice (Wuyunjing 24, Nanjing 44, Zhendao 11, Changyou 1, Changyou 5 and Yongyou 8) were selected in Poyang County and Shanggao County of Jiangxi Province. Under high-yield cultivation conditions The local representative late indica rice varieties were compared. The differences of yield, quality and benefit between japonica rice and indica rice were systematically compared. The productivity advantage of late japonica rice in double cropping season was preliminarily discussed. And the utilization of temperature and light, plant type and photosynthetic material production were discussed Its advantages form the ecological and physiological characteristics. The results showed that the average yield of late japonica rice in three years was 9.6, 8.3 and 9.9 t hm-2 respectively (10.6 t hm-2 in the highest yield field in Yongyou 8 in 2011), which was significantly higher than that of late indica rice The main reason for its high yield was grain per spike and seed setting rate significantly higher than that of indica rice. The processing quality and taste quality of late japonica rice was better than that of late indica rice (late japonica brown rice, milled rice ratio and milled rice ratio were significant or extremely significant High grain amylose, significant or very low protein content, significant or very long gel consistency, inferior appearance quality to late indica rice (chalkiness rate, chalky grain size and chalkiness degree of japonica rice were significantly or extremely significantly high (Indica rice). The benefit of late japonica rice was higher than that of late indica rice (net income of late japonica rice was 11 890.6,10221,165,65.9 yuan hm-2 respectively, 23.8%, 23.6% and 26.7% respectively). Compared with the indica rice, the relative physiological and ecological characteristics of the double crop late japonica productivity advantage were significantly longer than that of the indica rice during the whole growth period, especially that of the indica rice, and increased the utilization of the light and temperature resources, and could mature normally. The later period was higher Photosynthetic productivity increased the accumulation of photosynthetic substances in the population, good co-ordination of source and sink, and high total storage capacity. In the late growth period, it did not prematurely decline in the colder climates and maintained stronger roots and larger stems and sheaths with stronger intensity Group lodging capacity.