Systematic studies of the thermal decomposition mechanism of benzoyl peroxide(BPO) in ground state, leading to various intermediates, products and the potential energy surface(PES) of possible dissociation reactions were made computationally. The structures of the transition states and the activation energies for all the paths causing the formation of the reaction products mentioned above were calculated by the AM1 semi-empirical method. This method is shown to to be one predict correctly the preferred pathway for the title reaction. It has been found that in ground state, the thermal decomposition of benzoyl peroxide has two kinds of paths. The first pathway PhC(O)O-OC(O)Ph→PhC(O)O*→Ph*+CO2 produces finally phenyl radicals and carbon dioxide. And the second pathway PhC(O)OO-C(O)Ph→PhC(O)OO*+PhC(O)*→PhC(O)*+O2→Ph*+CO+O2, via which the reaction takes place only in two steps, produces oxygen and PhC(O)* radicals, and the further thermal dissociation of PhC(O)* is quite difficult because of the high activation energy in ground state. The calculated activation energies and reaction enthalpies are in good agreement with the experimental values. The research results also show that also the thermal dissociation process of the two bonds or the three bonds for the benzoyl peroxide doesn′t take place in ground state.