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在水资源日益紧缺的背景下,农业水权纠纷构成了农村社会纠纷的主要类型。不同主体援引不同原则主张对水资源的使用权,形成了惯例原则、公平原则、强力原则、个体主义原则之间的竞争。从表面上看,水权分配原则不能有效践行是水权纠纷发生的原因。但通过追问原则为何不能被遵守,我们发现,导致农业水权纠纷发生的原因包括:集体丧失了有效分配水资源的权力和能力;地权纠纷引发水权纠纷;共同体内部非均衡的力量对比关系;水权呈现出的公权与私权的双重属性之间的张力。基于此,可以从完善集体分配水资源的权力,厘清水权与地权关系,重塑村落共同体,以及在确保水资源公共属性的前提下,尊重水资源使用权的私权属性等方面探讨农业水权纠纷的解决机制问题。
Against the background of increasingly scarce water resources, disputes over agricultural water rights constitute the major types of rural social disputes. Different subjects invoked different principles to advocate the right to use water resources, forming the customary principle, the principle of fairness, the principle of power and the competition among the principles of individualism. On the surface, the principle that the distribution of water rights can not be effectively implemented is the reason for the water rights disputes. However, we can find that the reasons leading to the dispute over agricultural water rights include the collective loss of power and ability to effectively allocate water resources, disputes over water rights arising from disputes over land rights, and the power imbalance within the community The tension between the dual attributes of public and private rights in water rights. Based on this, we can improve the power of collective distribution of water resources, clarify the relationship between water rights and land ownership, reshape the village community, and in the premise of ensuring the public property of water resources, respect the private rights of water resources, The solution to the dispute over water rights.