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目的了解茶陵县人群慢性非传染性疾病(以下简称“慢病”)流行状况,为制定慢病防治措施提供科学依据。方法分层整群抽取茶陵县城区的3个居委会和农村的9个村,共调查35岁及以上的居民2 058人。结果慢病患病率排序前六位是高血压、胃炎和胃溃疡、颈腰椎疾病、冠心病、慢性支气管炎以及胆结石。以高血压患病率最高为31.08%,除胃炎、胃溃疡外,各疾病患病率均随年龄递增而上升(P<0.05)。城镇高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、颈腰椎疾病和胆结石患病率显著高于农村(P<0.05)。男性高血压、慢支肺气肿和骨质疏松患病率显著高于女性(P<0.05),女性颈腰椎疾病患病率极显著高于男性(P<0.01)。县镇居民高血压、糖尿病患病知晓率均显著高于农村居民(P<0.05)。结论年龄是绝大多数慢病的重要影响因素,部分慢病存在地区和性别差异。广泛开展健康知识宣传教育,是提高居民患病知晓率、预防控制慢病流行的关键。
Objective To understand the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (hereinafter referred to as “chronic disease”) in Chaling County for providing a scientific basis for the formulation of chronic disease prevention and control measures. Methods A cluster of 3 neighborhood committees in Chaling County and 9 villages in rural areas were stratified and clustered to survey 2 058 residents aged 35 and above. Results The top six chronic diseases were hypertension, gastritis and gastric ulcer, cervical and lumbar diseases, coronary heart disease, chronic bronchitis and gallstones. The prevalence of hypertension was 31.08%. Except for gastritis and gastric ulcer, the prevalence of each disease increased with age (P <0.05). The prevalence rates of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, cervical and lumbar diseases and gallstones in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas (P <0.05). The prevalence rate of hypertension, chronic bronchitis and osteoporosis in males was significantly higher than that in females (P <0.05). The prevalence of cervical and lumbar diseases in females was significantly higher than that in males (P <0.01). The prevalence rates of hypertension and diabetes in county residents were significantly higher than those in rural residents (P <0.05). Conclusion Age is the most important factor for chronic disease, and some chronic diseases have regional and gender differences. To carry out a wide range of publicity and education on health knowledge is the key to improving residents’ awareness rate and preventing and controlling the prevalence of chronic diseases.