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镰刀菌产生的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)污染小麦后对人畜具有较大的毒害作用。为明确DON毒素在小麦籽粒中的积累数量及其与镰刀菌菌株、接菌数量、小麦品种和病害严重度的关系,试验采用单花滴注方法在5个抗病性不同的小麦品种上分别接种9个禾谷镰刀菌菌株,每个菌株接种1×106、1×105和1×104个/mL 3个分生孢子浓度,并利用ELISA法测定收获麦粒中DON毒素含量。结果表明,麦粒中DON毒素含量差异主要是由于不同禾谷镰刀菌菌株产生毒素能力不同所致。接种菌株8003、4020的所有麦粒中DON毒素含量均显著高于相同条件下接种其他7个菌株的小麦。当接种产毒素能力强的菌株时,小麦抗病品种表现出在一定程度上降低DON毒素积累的能力。不同接菌浓度对小麦赤霉病的发病程度和麦粒中DON毒素含量有显著影响,在相同条件下,接菌浓度越高,病害严重度越高,DON毒素含量也越高;反之,接菌浓度越低,病害严重度越低,DON毒素含量也越低。
Fusarium deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by Fusarium oxysporum polluted wheat has a greater toxic effect on humans and animals. In order to clarify the accumulation of DON toxin in wheat grain and its relationship with the Fusarium strains, the number of inoculation, wheat varieties and disease severity, the single flower instillation method was used to test the resistance of five wheat cultivars Nine Fusarium graminearum strains were inoculated. Each strain was inoculated with 3 conidia at a concentration of 1 × 106, 1 × 105 and 1 × 104 / mL, and the content of DON toxin in harvested wheat grains was determined by ELISA. The results showed that the difference of DON toxin content in wheat grains was mainly attributed to different toxins production ability of different Fusarium graminearum strains. DON levels in all the kernels inoculated with strain 8003, 4020 were significantly higher than those in the other 7 strains inoculated with the same conditions. When inoculated with toxin-producing strains, the wheat-resistant cultivars showed the ability to reduce DON to some extent. Under the same conditions, the higher the inoculation concentration and the higher the severity of the disease, the higher the content of DON toxin; on the contrary, The lower the bacterial concentration, the lower the severity of the disease, the lower the DON toxin content.