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湘南烟区土壤pH值从80年代的偏酸性变为当前的偏碱性,短短20余年,pH值变化极为显著。在郴州市桂阳县偏碱烟田土壤中施用改良剂硫酸亚铁(FeSO4),研究其对偏碱土壤的调控效果以及对烟草吸收养分的影响,研究结果表明:(1)施用0.25~4.0 g kg-1的FeSO4能使土壤的pH值从7.87降低到7.58,但土壤pH值下降幅度不大。(2)施用0.25~4.0 g kg-1的FeSO4对土壤有机质、碱解N、速效K、交换性Ca、Mg、有效Mn、有效Cu、有效Zn含量没有显著影响,使土壤有效P含量降低了2.26%~17.70%,有效Fe含量增加了6.00%~26.73%。(3)施用FeSO4后烟叶中养分含量的变化基本与土壤中养分的变化规律一致,0.25~4.0 g kg-1的硫酸亚铁使烟叶Ca和P含量分别降低1.21%~11.36%、4.29%~11.66%,Fe、Mn和Zn含量分别提高了0.25%~8.15%、3.69%~7.72%和4.71%~8.63%。(4)FeSO4施用量为2.00 g kg-1为最佳施用量,当施用量较低时(<2.0 g kg-1)能提高烟草的单叶重,达到了调控土壤pH值的目的,较高时(4.0 g kg-1)却降低了烟叶的株高和单叶重,抑制了烟草的生长。
The pH value of soils in southern Hunan tobacco area changed from partial acidity in the 1980s to current alkalineity. In just over 20 years, the pH value was extremely significant. The application of ameliorating agent ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) in partial soils of Ganyang County of Chenzhou City to study its regulation effect on the partial alkaline soil and its effect on the nutrient uptake of tobacco showed that: (1) the application of 0.25 ~ 4.0 FeSO4 at g kg-1 reduced soil pH from 7.87 to 7.58, but soil pH decreased little. (2) FeSO4 at 0.25 ~ 4.0 g kg-1 had no significant effect on soil organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis N, available K, exchangeable Ca, Mg, available Mn, available Cu and available Zn, 2.26% ~ 17.70%, the effective Fe content increased 6.00% ~ 26.73%. (3) The changes of nutrient contents in tobacco leaves after applying FeSO4 were basically the same as those in soil. The content of Ca and P in tobacco leaves decreased by 1.21% ~ 11.36% and 4.29% ~ 11.66%, Fe, Mn and Zn contents increased by 0.25% ~ 8.15%, 3.69% ~ 7.72% and 4.71% ~ 8.63% respectively. (4) The optimal application rate of FeSO4 was 2.00 g kg-1. When the application rate was lower (<2.0 g kg-1), the single leaf weight of tobacco could be increased and the soil pH value could be regulated. High (4.0 g kg-1) decreased leaf height and single leaf weight and inhibited tobacco growth.