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本文首次从纳米材料与纳米效应角度出发讨论了纤蛇纹石石棉的形态、表面结构、表面性质与生物活性的关系。结果表明 ,纤蛇纹石石棉属自然界产出的一种特殊的一维纳米丝状矿物 ,在形态、结构和表面性质等方面表现出了纳米材料所具有的一般特性 ,其中 ,形态上的一维纳米丝状、结构上的管状和表面 (界面 )层的高活性态等构成了它的纳米材料属性 ,纤维的小尺寸及高表面化学活性构成了它的生物活性特征。纤蛇纹石石棉纤维对动物的危害 ,既具有一般纤维的危害性 ,又具有非晶质SiO2 的危害性。由于纤维的小尺寸效应和高表面活性而使生物活性大大增强。
In this paper, the relationship between the morphology, surface structure, surface properties and bioactivity of chrysotile asbestos is discussed for the first time from the viewpoint of nanomaterials and nanometer effect. The results show that the chrysotile asbestos is a kind of special one-dimensional nanofilament mineral produced in nature which shows the general characteristics of nanomaterials in terms of morphology, structure and surface properties. Among them, The properties of nanomaterials, such as the shape of the nanotubes, the structural tubular and the high active state of the surface (interfacial) layer, constitute the properties of the nanomaterials. The small size and high surface chemical activity of the fibers constitute the biological activity. Chrysotile asbestos fibers harm to animals, both the dangers of the general fiber, but also with the dangers of amorphous SiO2. The biological activity is greatly enhanced due to the small size effect and high surface activity of the fiber.