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单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)是人类基因组中最常见的变异形式。作为第三代遗传标记,SNP在基因定位、克隆、遗传多态性方面具有广泛应用,特别是作为基因诊断标记在预防医学中具有十分重要的作用。近年来,随着人类基因组计划的发展,数以百万计的SNP被陆续发现,并可在公共数据库中免费获得。SNP数量的快速增加和SNP检测方法的发展,为其在肿瘤易感性领城的应用提供了可能。在本综述中,我们介绍了几种高通量检测SNP的分析方法,总结了大规模SNP分析技术在肿瘤易感性中的应用,介绍了目前人们对于不同人群中的SNP分析、肿瘤易感基因、个体肿瘤易感性的理解,以及研究SNP标记与肿瘤易感性关系时存在的难点。
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common variants in the human genome. As the third generation of genetic markers, SNPs are widely used in gene mapping, cloning and genetic polymorphism, especially as genetic diagnostic markers in the prevention of medicine plays a very important role. In recent years, with the development of the human genome project, millions of SNPs have been discovered one after another, and are freely available in public databases. The rapid increase in the number of SNPs and the development of SNP detection methods have made it possible to use them in the field of cancer susceptibility. In this review, we present several high-throughput assays for detecting SNPs, summarize the application of large-scale SNP analysis to tumor susceptibility, and presently present an overview of SNP analysis, tumor susceptibility genes , The understanding of individual tumor susceptibility, and the difficulty in studying the relationship between SNP markers and tumor susceptibility.