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根据有关台站的水文气象观测资料及“九五”国家科技重点攻关项目“96 - 912”专题有关成果 ,对甘肃省河西内陆干旱区地表水、地下水资源的数量、分布特征与变化规律及相互转化关系进行了分析和研究。结果表明 ,内陆干旱地区的地表径流主要形成于中、高山区 ,散失于山前平原和沙漠。径流的补给来源主要为大气降水、冰雪融水和地下水。降水量及其时空分布对水资源的形成有着重要的影响。这里降水、河川径流与地下水转化关系十分明显。内陆干旱地区水资源最主要的特征就是从山区到平原地表水与地下水在不同地质地貌单元间的相互转化 ,并且由径流源区的山区到河流下游的平原 ,不同区域、不同地段地表水与地下水的转化关系及地下水的流动模式亦不相同 :即由降水与冰雪融水下渗所形成的山区地下水绝大部分以基流形式排泄 ,形成地表径流进入盆地 ;而河流在进入盆地或平原区流经透水性极强的山前冲、洪积平原后又大量渗漏补给地下水 ,山前冲、洪积扇平原的地下水沿地形坡降向冲积平原运动至冲积扇缘地带后 ,由于含水层土壤颗粒变细 ,导水性减弱 ,形成地下水溢出带 ,地下水沿沟壑呈泉水大量溢出地表 ,汇集成泉沟进入河流而转化成为地表水。在冲、洪积扇以下的冲积平原上 ,潜水含水层土壤颗粒细 ,地下水埋藏浅 ,?
Based on the hydrological and meteorological observation data of the stations and the related achievements of “96 - 912” key project of national science and technology in the Ninth Five-year Plan, the quantity, distribution and variation of surface and groundwater resources in the inland arid region of Hexi, Gansu Province, Mutual transformation relations were analyzed and studied. The results show that the surface runoff in inland arid areas mainly formed in the middle and high mountainous areas, and lost in the piedmont plain and desert. The major sources of runoff supplies are atmospheric precipitation, snowmelt and groundwater. Precipitation and its spatial and temporal distribution have an important impact on the formation of water resources. Precipitation here, river runoff and groundwater conversion is very obvious. The most important feature of water resources in arid inland areas is the interconversion of surface water and groundwater in different geological and geomorphological units from the mountain to the plain. The surface water from the mountains in the runoff source area to the plain, different regions and different sections in the downstream of the river Groundwater conversion and groundwater flow patterns are also not the same: that is formed by precipitation and snowmelt infiltration of mountain water formed by the majority of groundwater discharge in the form of base flow, the formation of surface runoff into the basin; and the river into the basin or plains Flow through the extremely strong Piedmont red flood plain after a large number of seepage recharge recharge groundwater, piedmont, alluvial fan groundwater along the terrain slope down alluvial plain movement to alluvial fan margin zone, due to the aquifer Soil particles become thinner, water conductivity weakened, the formation of groundwater spillover zone, groundwater along the gully showed a lot of springs overflowing the surface, converging into spring into the river and into surface water. In the alluvial plain below the flood and alluvial fan, the submersed aquifer has fine soil particles and shallow buried groundwater.