逻辑实证主义与波普尔的批判理性主义是当代西方科学哲学界有较大影响的两大流派。就其理论产生的根源来说,批判理性主义是波普尔在对逻辑实证主义的批判中创立起来的,他们之间有许多观点是针锋相对的。其中,尤以证实与证伪原则的争论最为激烈。然而,从争论的对象、焦点和归宿等方面来看,证实与证伪并不是非是即否,非此即彼的两个从根本上无法相容的观点。因此任何关涉二选一的争论都注定是褊狭的伪争论。 Logical positivism and Popper’s critical rationalism are the two schools that have a greater influence on contemporary Western philosophy of science. For the root causes of his theory, critical rationalism was founded by Popper in the critique of logical positivism, and many of them were diametrically opposed. Among them, the argument of verification and falsification is the most controversial. However, from the perspectives of the object of debate, the focus and the fate, etc., the verification and falsification are not the two sides’ fundamentally incompatible views. Therefore, any dispute concerning the alternative of one is bound to be a narrow pseudo-controversy.