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股份制是构造市场经济微观经济基础的好形式,但在实践中却面临难以操作的困难。在对辽宁20多家大中型国有企业进行调查时发现,股份制改造难就难在这些企业的资产过分集中,与股份制投资主体多元化的基本要求发生冲突,许多地方领导、企业家对这种改制表示怀疑。他们认为以股份制形式构筑现代企业制度是远水解不了近渴,解决问题的办法是搞大包干。搞资产承包,在定好上缴利税的前提下,留利于企业。国有大中型企业能否进行股份制改造,实质上是一个公有制能否与市场经济有机结合的问题,这是中国经济改革必须回答的问题,也是从计划经济向市场经济转轨的一个国际性课题。
Joint stock system is a good form of constructing the microeconomic foundation of the market economy, but in practice it is difficult to operate. When investigating more than 20 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises in Liaoning, it was found that it was difficult for the joint-stock reform to be excessively concentrated in the assets of these enterprises, and there was a conflict with the basic requirements for diversification of joint-stock investment entities. Many local leaders and entrepreneurs relied on such reforms. Doubt. They believe that building a modern enterprise system in the form of shareholding system is far from being able to hydrolyze the thirst. The solution to the problem is to engage in large-scale contracting. Engage in asset contracting, and in the premise of setting a good payment of profits and taxes, leaving profits in the enterprise. Whether or not the state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises can reform shareholding system is in fact a question of whether public ownership can be organically combined with the market economy. This is an issue that China’s economic reform must answer, and it is also an international topic that changes from a planned economy to a market economy.