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肝细胞肝癌（HCC）是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。目前，肝切除术，射频消融，介入等治疗方式被广泛应用于肝癌的治疗，但患者5年生存率仍然较差。肝癌起病隐匿，大多数患者初次诊断时已无手术治疗机会。对于晚期肝癌患者，临床上一直缺乏有效的治疗方式。HCC大多是基于肝脏慢性炎症所致，免疫疗法在治疗HCC方面有着巨大前景，因此引起了越来越多研究者的关注。随着生物医学进入精准医学时代，针对HCC的治疗，更加精准有效的免疫治疗策略不断被探索，给HCC患者带来了新的希望。现就精准医学背景下HCC免疫治疗的研究现状及进展作一综述。“,”Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. Currently, hepatectomy, radiofrequency ablation, interventional therapy, and so on are widely used in the treatment of liver cancer; however the 5-year survival rate of patients is still very poor. The onset of liver cancer is insidious, and most patients do not have the opportunity to undergo surgery when they are initially diagnosed. In addition, patients with advanced liver cancer lack effective treatment, which is mainly due to chronic inflammation of the liver. Immunotherapy has great potential advantages in the treatment of liver cancer, so it has attracted more and more researchers' attention. Importantly, with the development of biomedical science into the era of precision medicine, more precise and effective immunotherapy strategies for HCC treatment have been explored, thus bringing new hope to HCC patients. This article reviews the research status and progress of liver cancer immunotherapy in the context of precision medicine.