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文言文之所以不同于现代文,是因为它的语言特点。文言文用字比较特殊,有古今字、通假字和异体字,这些现象在文言文里比较突出,学习时需要认真对待;词汇因为发展变化快,古今差别较大,学习时需要细心谨慎辨析;语法古今虽然变化不大,但词类的活用和特殊的句式,与现代汉语也有很大区别,学习时需要掌握文言文的语法规律。只有把握住这三项关键问题,才能够正确理解文言。为了辨明文言文的词汇和语法特点,这里就《郑伯克段于鄢》的文言词汇和语法做一浅析。
The reason why classical Chinese differs from modern Chinese is because of its linguistic features. Classical Chinese characters are rather special, ancient and modern characters, common characters and different characters, these phenomena are more prominent in classical Chinese, learning need to be taken seriously; because of the rapid changes in vocabulary, ancient and modern differences are greater, learning need careful analysis; syntax ancient and modern Little change, but the use of words and special sentence patterns, and modern Chinese are also very different, learning need to grasp the grammar of classical Chinese law. Only by grasping these three key issues can we correctly understand the classical Chinese. In order to discern the vocabulary and grammatical features of classical Chinese, here is a brief analysis of the classical vocabulary and grammar of “Cheng Burke in Yu Yan”.