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语符学是丹麦语言学家叶姆斯列夫和乌尔达尔于20世纪30年代提出的一种结构语言学理论。该理论的提出不仅确立了哥本哈根语言学派的历史地位,促进了索绪尔结构主义语言理论的发展,而且对于其后的许多语言理论和方法论,包括乔姆斯基的转换生成语法和兰姆的层次句法,都产生了程度不同的影响。本文从5个方面简要描述语符学的产生与发展、基本理论原则与分析程序、相关研究及其影响,以期有助于读者对该理论的全面了解和深入研究。
Linguistics is a structural linguistic theory put forward by the Danish linguists Emslev and Uldal in the 1930s. This theory not only established the historical status of the Copenhagen school of linguistics and promoted the development of Saussure’s structuralist linguistic theory, but also for many subsequent linguistic theories and methodologies, including Chomsky’s conversion grammar and Lamb’s Level syntax, have produced a different degree of impact. This article briefly describes the emergence and development of language study, basic theoretical principles and analysis procedures, related researches and their influences from five aspects, with a view to help readers to fully understand the theory and in-depth study.