中性粒细胞是机体天然免疫系统的主要效应细胞。新近发现中性粒细胞释放出细胞核内物质到细胞外形成一种称之为中性粒细胞胞外网络的方式抵御微生物。与经典的吞噬和脱颗方式相比,NET具有高效、低能耗、对周边组织损伤小等特性,是中性粒细胞的杀伤性武器。本文就中性粒细胞NET结构、形成机制及功能等生物学特性的研究进展进行综述,设想NET可能成为感染和相关疾病治疗中新的作用靶点。 Neutrophils are the main effector cells of the body’s natural immune system. Neutrophils have recently been found to release substances in the nucleus to the outside of the cell to form a form of so-called neutrophil extracellular network against microorganisms. Compared with the classic phagocytosis and debranching methods, NET has the characteristics of high efficiency, low energy consumption and small damage to the surrounding tissues, and is a neutrophil killer weapon. This review summarizes the research progress of the neutrophil NET structure, formation mechanism and biological characteristics, and envisages that NET may become a new target for the treatment of infections and related diseases.