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美国宪政在人类政治历史发展中有举足轻重的作用,它根据三权分立原则建立政治体制,司法权、立法权、行政权形成三权鼎立的局面,互相制衡,互相促进,避免历史上由于权力过于集中,缺乏监督导致政权腐败而灭亡的局面。研究美国宪政的历史,一定离不开研究法院的判例,这些判例构成了宪政的构架,使美国宪法是“活着的宪法”。我国正处于法制建设的进程中,法制体系仍然不完善,执法能力弱制约着法治的发展。相比较为成熟的美国宪政,我们可以结合中国的具体国情予以借鉴,找到一条适合中国发展的宪政道路。
The constitutional government in the United States plays a decisive role in the historical development of humankind. According to the principle of the separation of powers, the constitutional government of the United States has established a three-way system of political structure, judicial power, legislative power and administrative power. It checks and balances each other and promotes each other, Concentration and lack of oversight led to the collapse of regime corruption. The study of the history of American constitutionalism must be inseparable from the jurisprudence of studying the courts. These precedents form the frame of constitutionalism and make the U.S. constitution “a living constitution.” Our country is in the process of legal system construction, the legal system is still imperfect, and the law enforcement ability is weakly restricting the development of the rule of law. Compared to the more mature constitutional government in the United States, we can draw lessons from China’s specific national conditions and find a suitable constitutional development road for China’s development.