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以四川省为例,在明确溪河洪水及其引发的滑坡、泥石流三类山洪灾害分布格局的基础上,构建概念模型,分析降雨、地形、人口资产易损性等引发山洪灾害的基本因子和土壤、河网密度、土地利用等一般因子对不同类型山洪灾害的影响程度,并比较它们的异同。结果表明:(1)四川省山洪灾害主要分布在盆周山区、川西高原和横断山脉一带;(2)如果3项基本因子可以解释山洪灾害空间分布100%的变化,则它们对三类灾害的影响程度分别为:溪河洪水,降雨59%、地形28%、人口资产13%;泥石流,降雨15%、地形73%、人口资产12%;滑坡,降雨48%、地形34%、人口资产18%;(3)总体上,泥石流灾害对地形、岩性、土地利用等下垫面因子的依赖更高,而溪河洪水和滑坡灾害受降雨要素的影响更大。
Taking Sichuan Province as an example, on the basis of clarifying the distribution pattern of floods and the triggered landslides and debris flows, this paper constructs a conceptual model and analyzes the basic factors causing flood disasters such as rainfall, topography and vulnerability of population assets. Soil, river network density, land use and other general factors on the impact of different types of mountain torrent disasters, and compare their similarities and differences. The results show as follows: (1) The mountain torrent disasters in Sichuan are mainly distributed in the areas around the basin, the western Sichuan plateau and the Hengduan Mountains. (2) If three basic factors can explain the 100% change of the spatial distribution of the mountain torrent disaster, The impacts are: river flood, rainfall 59%, topography 28%, population 13%; debris flow, rainfall 15%, topography 73%, population 12%; landslide, rainfall 48%, topography 34%, population 18 %; (3) In general, the debris flow hazards depend more on the underlying factors such as topography, lithology and land use, while flood and landslide hazards in the river are more affected by the rainfall elements.