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1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes mellitus，T1DM)作为儿童常见的内分泌系统疾病之一，其发病率呈逐年上升趋势。1型糖尿病是一种自身免疫性疾病，普遍认为其发病机制是遗传易感个体在环境因素作用下发生免疫紊乱，引起免疫损伤，导致胰岛炎及自身抗体的产生，胰岛β细胞被破坏，从而引起胰岛素分泌不足至绝对缺乏。虽然目前1型糖尿病尚无有效根治办法，但关于干细胞治疗1型糖尿病的研究越来越多。脐血作为干细胞的重要来源，未来有望成为治疗1型糖尿病的新手段。该文就1型糖尿病免疫损伤机制及脐血治疗的相关进展进行综述。“,”As one of the common endocrine diseases in children, the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is increasing year by year.T1DM is an autoimmune disease.It is generally believed that the pathogenesis of T1DM is that the immune disorder of genetically susceptible individuals under the action of environmental factors causes immune damage, leading to islet inflammation and the production of autoantibodies, and the destruction of β cells of the islet, leading to insufficient insulin secretion to absolute deficiency.Although there is no effective radical cure for T1DM at present, more and more research on stem cell therapy has been conducted.Umbilical cord blood, as an important source of stem cells, is expected to make the radical cure of T1DM possible in the future.In this paper, the mechanism of immune injury in T1DM and the progress of umbilical cord blood stem cell therapy are reviewed.