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在口语交际中,人们出于“礼貌原则”常常运用一些不含否定词,但是具有否定意义的表达形式隐含地表达否定意义,我们称其为隐含否定。这类隐含否定,通常位于应答句的句首,反映了讲话人客观或非客观、明确或非明确的取向性否定判断或禁止;具有情态否定或评述情态人际功能;其部分形式呈现出语法化趋势,具有语篇衔接功能。从表达形式上看,可以归纳为语气和语调、副词、固化结构和句法格式四种形式。根据韩礼德的人际功能理论对这四类形式否定意义进行人际意义上的探究,我们发现各个形式具有不同人际意义,语气和语调、副词类侧重于情态否定;句法格式侧重于评述性否定;而固化结构根据与语气结合的不同状况表达了不同的人际否定意义。
In oral communication, people often use some words that do not contain negative words for their “politeness principle.” However, the negative forms of expression imply the negative meaning implicitly. We call this an implicit negation. This type of implicit negation, usually located at the beginning of a reply sentence, reflects the speaker’s objective or non-objective, explicit or unambiguous negative judgment or prohibition; has a modality of negation or comment on modal interpersonal functions; and part of his or her grammar Trend, with text cohesion function. From the perspective of the form of expression, it can be summarized into four forms: tone and intonation, adverbs, solidified structure and syntactic form. According to Halliday’s interpersonal function theory, we explore the interpersonal meaning of these four forms of negative meanings. We find that each form has different interpersonal meanings, tone and intonation. The adverbs focus on modal negation. The syntactic format focuses on the negative comment. The structure expresses different interpersonal negative meanings according to different conditions combined with tone.