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根据刑事诉讼原理和现行刑事诉讼法的规定,人民法院对刑事案件的判决只有两种形式,即有罪判决和无罪判决。而《最高人民法院关于执行〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉若干问题的解释》(以下简称《解释》)第一百七十六条第(六)项和第(七)项规定:被告人因不满十六周岁,不予刑事处罚的,应当判决宣告被告人不负刑事责任;被告人是精神病人,在不能辨认或者不能控制自己行为的时候造成危害结果,不予刑事处罚的,应当判决宣告被告人不负刑事责任。笔者认为,对因不满十六周岁或精神病人而不予刑事处罚的被告人,应当宣告无罪,不应当判决宣告被告人不负刑事责任。首先,以判决形式宣告被告人不负刑事责任违背了刑法规定。我国刑法第五条规定“:刑罚的轻重,应当与犯罪分子所犯罪行和承担的刑事责任相适应。”
According to the principle of criminal procedure and the provisions of the existing code of criminal procedure, there are only two forms of judgments in criminal cases before people’s courts, namely, guilty verdicts and acquittal judgments. Article 176 (6) and (7) of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Several Issues concerning the Implementation of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as “Interpretation”) stipulates that “ Anyone who is under the age of 16 or who is not criminalized shall be sentenced to declare the defendant not to be criminally responsible; if the defendant is a mentally ill, cause a harmful result when it can not identify or control his behavior, and shall not be penalized, he shall declare The defendant is not criminally responsible. The author believes that defendants who have not been penalized for their dissatisfaction with the age of 16 or mental patients should be acquitted and should not be sentenced to declare the defendant to be criminally responsible. First of all, declaring the defendant to be criminally responsible in the form of a verdict violates the provisions of the criminal law. Article 5 of the Criminal Law of China stipulates that ”the severity of penalties shall be commensurate with the crimes committed by the criminals and the criminal liabilities they bear.“ ”