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文章认为当今的“现代性哲学话语”对现代性的批判主要是一种观念的意识形态批判,试图将启蒙精神和启蒙原则作为最内在的因素来探讨现代性的困境。而马克思以“资本”范畴将现代概念化,在历史唯物主义的理论基础上揭示了现代性存在论上的基本原则和基本建制,并由此批判资产阶级的现代性意识形态。然而,“现代哲学话语”没有充分理解马克思资本范畴的这种存在论意义,而是有意无意地将其指认为一种经济主义的还原论,错误地将马克思理论作为一种现代性的理论进行坚持或批判。马克思现代性批判的奠基性意义在这种错误的指认中无意地流失了。文章呈现了马克思在“资本”范畴之下展开的现代性批判同当今流行的“现代性话语”之间的基本差异,以突出马克思思想在现代性批判中的枢纽地位。
The article holds that the criticism of modernity in today’s “modern philosophical discourse” is mainly an ideological critique of ideology, trying to explore the predicament of modernity with the enlightenment spirit and enlightenment as the innermost factors. Marx conceptualized modernism in the category of “capital”, revealed the basic principles and basic system of modernism on the basis of historical materialism, and criticized the modern ideology of bourgeoisie. However, “modern philosophical discourse” did not fully understand this kind of existential significance of Marx’s category of capital, but consciously or unconsciously referred to it as a kind of economic reductionism and mistakenly adopted Marxism as a theory of modernity Insist or criticize. The foundering significance of Marx’s critique of modernity has been inadvertently lost in this wrong designation. The article presents the basic difference between Marx’s modern critique under the category of “capital” and the popular “modernity discourse” so as to highlight the pivotal position of Marxism in the critique of modernity.