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目的了解宁波市中学生抑郁情绪现状及其相关危险因素,为有效促进学生心理健康教育工作提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样法在宁波市4个地区的初中、高中抽取中学生1 939名,采用儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)调查学生抑郁情绪现状,同时调查家庭一般状况、应对方式及父母教养方式等。结果宁波市中学生抑郁情绪检出率为17.23%;无抑郁组学生在健康状况、学习成绩、伙伴关系、父母和睦程度等均优于抑郁组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),父母教养方式中无抑郁组父母情感温暖因子评分高于有抑郁组,父母惩罚严厉及拒绝否认因子低于抑郁组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);Logistic回归分析显示,与抑郁情绪的相关危险因素包括伙伴关系差、父母陪伴时间少、父母情感温暖理解得分低、父亲惩罚及母亲拒绝否认高、针对问题的解决及积极合理解释得分低、忍耐高(P值均<0.01)。结论父母养育方式对学生的抑郁情绪影响较明显。改善父母养育方式及学生的应对方式,可有效减少中学生抑郁情绪的发生。
Objective To understand the status quo and related risk factors of depression among middle school students in Ningbo so as to provide evidence for effectively promoting students’ mental health education. Methods A total of 1 939 middle school students were enrolled in the middle school and high school in 4 districts of Ningbo City. The prevalence of depression in the children was measured by using DSRSC. The general family status, coping style and parents’ Education and so on. Results The prevalence rate of depression in secondary school students in Ningbo was 17.23%. The students in depression-free group were better than those in depression group in health status, academic performance, partnership, parental harmony, etc. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05) (P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups The risk factors associated with depression include poor partnership, less parental support time, low parental warmth, poor parental punishment and denial of mother’s high, problem-solving and positive and reasonable explanation with low scores and high endurance (P < 0.01). Conclusion Parental rearing has a more obvious effect on depression. Improving parental rearing patterns and coping styles of students can effectively reduce depression in middle school students.