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通过6个可数性状、10个可量性状及24个框架性状,比较分析了尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus♀)×萨罗罗非鱼(Sarotherodon melanotheron♂)杂交后代F1、F2形态性状的遗传与变异特征,方差分析结果表明,除臀鳍棘数相同外,杂交F1、F2的可数性状数目相近,位于尼罗罗非鱼与萨罗罗非鱼之间;杂交F1体长/全长、框架参数D3-5/全长、D6-8/全长、尾柄长/全长、D5-7/全长、D8-10/全长等参数显著大于萨罗罗非鱼,体厚/全长、体高/全长、D1-6/全长、D3-4/全长、尾柄高/全长等参数显著大于尼罗罗非鱼;杂交F2的16个可量、框架性状与杂交F1间无显著差异,而头长/全长、D5-6/全长、D7-8/全长、D9-10/全长等参数显著大于杂交F1,躯干长/全长、尾柄长/全长、D1-2/全长、D5-7/全长、D7-9/全长等参数显著小于杂交F1。聚类分析结果表明,杂交F2与杂交F1先聚为一类,再依次与尼罗罗非鱼、萨罗罗非鱼聚类。分别建立了不同群体的可数性状、可量与框架性状的判别公式,判别正确率高低依次为尼罗罗非鱼、萨罗罗非鱼>杂交F1>杂交F2;利用尼罗罗非鱼和萨罗罗非鱼的判别公式对杂交F1进行判别,被判入尼罗罗非鱼的比例较高(可数性状92.9%、可量与框架性状57.1%);利用尼罗罗非鱼、萨罗罗非鱼及杂交F1的判别公式对杂交F2判别,被判入杂交F1的比例较高(可数性状68.6%、可量与框架性状77.2%)。主成分分布图显示,杂交F1、F2均位于尼罗罗非鱼和萨罗罗非鱼之间,杂交F1与尼罗罗非鱼重叠分布较多,杂交F2分布重叠区域较F1分散。以上结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼♀×萨罗罗非鱼♂杂交F1形态性状介于亲本之间,遗传了双亲的形态特征,且有一定的偏母遗传;杂交F2大部分形态特征遗传了杂交F1,但也存在一定程度的变异。本研究旨在通过分析尼罗罗非鱼、萨罗罗非鱼2个杂交世代中亲子间形态性状的遗传规律,为罗非鱼杂交育种研究与生产利用提供基础资料和依据。
Through six countable traits, ten measurable traits and twenty-four traits, the morphological traits of F1 and F2 of the hybrids of Oreochromis niloticus♀ × Sarotherodon melanotheron♂ The results of ANOVA showed that except for the same number of anal fin, the number of countable characters of F1 and F2 were similar, located between Nile tilapia and Sal filet; , Frame parameters D3-5 / full length, D6-8 / full length, caudal peduncle length / full length, D5-7 / full length, D8-10 / The length, height / length, D1-6 / full length, D3-4 / full length, caudal peduncle height / full length and other parameters were significantly higher than those of Nile tilapia; 16 traits, F1 had no significant difference between F1 and F1, but the length / length, D5-6 / full length, D7-8 / full length, D9-10 / The length, D1-2 / full length, D5-7 / full length, D7-9 / full length and other parameters were significantly less than those of F1 hybrids. The results of cluster analysis showed that F2 and F1 were clustered first, and then clustered with Nile tilapia and Salo tilapia. The discriminant formulas of countable traits, measurable quantity and frame traits of different groups were established, and the discriminant accuracy rates were as follows: Nile tilapia, Sallow tilapia> hybrid F1> F2; The discriminant formula of the tilapia tilapia discriminates F1 hybrids and is judged to have a high proportion of Nile tilapia (92.9% of countable traits and 57.1% of measurable traits of frame traits); the use of Nile tilapia The discriminant formula of O. tilapia and F1 was higher than that of F1 (68.6% of the countable traits, 77.2% of the traits and 77.1% of the traits). The main component distribution maps showed that the F1 and F2 hybrids were located between Nile tilapia and Tilapia tilapia. The overlapping distribution of F1 and Nile tilapia was more than that of F1. The above results showed that F1 morphological traits of F1 hybrids between Nile tilapia × O. tilapia and ♂ × O. tilapia were inherited between parents and inherited the morphological characteristics of parents and had some genetic inheritance. Most morphological characteristics of F2 hybrids were inherited Hybrid F1, but there is also a certain degree of variation. The purpose of this study is to provide basic information and basis for the research of tilapia cross breeding and its utilization by analyzing the genetic law of morphological traits between parents and offspring in two crossing generations of Nile tilapia and Salo tilapia.