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原油及其馏分油生物催化脱硫(BDS)技术,不久将在炼油工业中占有一席之地. 由于能源生物系统公司(EBC)、凯洛格公司和Petrolite公司的努力,BDS技术已迅速变为现实.在不到4年的时间里,EBC公司已把BDS技术从实验室移植到能连续处理0.8 m~3/d的中试装置. BDS技术具有以下优点: (1)可在低温、低压下操作。 (2)成本低。BDS比加氢脱硫(HDS)投资少50％,操作费用少10％～15％。 (3)灵活性好,可用于处理名种物流:原油、石脑油、中馏分油、FCC原料、残渣燃料油和FCC汽油。 将来美国炼油厂处理的原油硫含量可高达1.5W％。目前全世界加工原油3200 Mt/a,其中1500Mt/a需经脱硫处理。到2000年,将有2250～2750Mt/a产品需脱硫处理。因此,必须增加500～750 Mt/a的脱硫能力。BDS由于具有很好的灵活性,很容易适应未来的脱硫需要。BDS并不是要取代HDS,更重要的是BDS可以扩展现有HDS能力。BDS和HDS结合,炼油厂可以精细地调节操作。目前,EBC公司中试装置的研究重点放在BDS和HDS两种方法的结合上,以找出最佳的操作组合方式。 EBC公司将利用中试装置数据在法国巴黎道达尔公司建设一套0.5 Mt/a的工业化BDS装置,于1996年投产,生产低硫柴油。
Crude oil and its distillate biocatalytic desulphurization (BDS) technology will soon have a place in the oil refining industry, and BDS technology has quickly become a reality thanks to the efforts of EBC, Kellogg and Petrolite. In less than four years, EBC has migrated BDS technology from the lab to a pilot plant capable of continuous processing of 0.8 m 3 / d. The BDS technology offers the following advantages: (1) Operates at low temperatures and pressures. (2) low cost. BDS invests 50% less than HDS and operates at less than 10% to 15%. (3) flexibility, can be used to deal with a variety of logistics: crude oil, naphtha, middle distillates, FCC raw materials, residual fuel oil and FCC gasoline. Future US crude oil sulfur content of refineries can be as high as 1.5W%. At present, 3200 Mt / a of crude oil is processed in the world, among which 1500 Mt / a is desulfurized. By 2000, 2250 ~ 2750Mt / a products will be desulfurized. Therefore, it is necessary to increase desulphurization capacity of 500-750 Mt / a. Because of its good flexibility, BDS can easily adapt to the desulfurization needs in the future. BDS is not intended to replace HDS, but more importantly, BDS can extend existing HDS capabilities. Combined with BDS and HDS, refiners can fine tune their operations. At present, the research of EBC’s pilot plant focuses on the combination of BDS and HDS methods to find the best combination of operations. EBC will use Pilot Plant data to build a 0.5 Mt / a industrial BDS unit at Total in Paris, France, which was commissioned in 1996 to produce low-sulfur diesel.