目的 :为研究胎儿肺脏来源间充质干细胞的生物学性状 ,表型和多向分化能力。方法 :取胎龄为 4～ 5个月水囊引产胎儿 ,将肺脏细胞在SF(含 2 %FBS)培养基中培养。测定生长曲线、利用流式细胞仪对培养细胞进行表型测定 ,细胞周期分析 ,体外诱导分化实验。NOD SCID鼠放射损伤后 ,尾静脉输入经PKH2 6染色的间充质干细胞 ,两个月后检测外源细胞在肺脏的定植情况。结果 :从胎儿肺脏可培养出间充质干细胞 ,并可诱导成骨、软骨和脂肪细胞分化 ;移植两个月后可以检测到外源细胞在肺脏的定植。结论 :从胎儿肺脏可分离培养出间充质干细胞 ,在体外有效扩增且保持其低分化状态 ;间充质干细胞可以在肺脏长时间定植。 OBJECTIVE: To study the biological characteristics, phenotype and multilineage differentiation ability of fetal lung-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: Fetuses were implanted into the abdomen of the hydatid cyst with gestational age of 4 ~ 5 months. The lung cells were cultured in SF medium containing 2% FBS. The growth curve was measured. The phenotype of cultured cells was analyzed by flow cytometry, cell cycle analysis and in vitro differentiation experiment. After radiation injury of NOD SCID mice, mesenchymal stem cells stained with PKH2 6 were input into the tail vein, and the colonization of exogenous cells in the lungs was detected two months later. RESULTS: Mesenchymal stem cells were cultured from fetal lungs and osteogenic, cartilage and adipocyte differentiation were induced. Two months after transplantation, exogenous cells could be detected in the lungs. CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated and cultured from fetal lungs and effectively proliferate and maintain their low differentiation in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells can be colonized for a long time in the lung.