论文部分内容阅读
苏联铁路运输的货物中,各种散装货物的比重很大。例如,苏联年产煤炭、矿石和水泥的80％、化学产品和矿物肥料的85％以上以及粮食的90％左右,都是通过铁路运输的。散装货物种类繁多,而且其物理-机械性能又各不相同,这一点在货车设计时必须加以考虑。以前,铁路干线上主要是用通用敞车和棚车来运送大宗散装货物的,因此车辆停留时间长,货物损失严重,装卸工作量大,劳动强度高,用于货物包装以及装货准备作业等的非生产消耗多。分析表明:使用专用货车运送粒状和粉状散装货物,能达到最高的装卸机械化程度和最大的经济效果。
In the goods of the Soviet Union in railway transportation, the proportion of various bulk goods is very large. For example, the Soviet Union produces 80% of coal, ore and cement, 85% or more of chemical products and mineral fertilizers, and about 90% of grain, each by rail. A wide range of bulk goods, and their physical - mechanical properties and different, this point in the truck design must be considered. In the past, the railway trunk mainly used general purpose gondolas and box cars to transport bulk bulk goods. Therefore, the vehicle lasted for a long time, the cargo was seriously damaged, the loading and unloading workload was heavy, the labor intensity was high, and it was used for cargo packaging and loading preparation work. Production costs more. The analysis shows that the use of dedicated trucks to transport granular and powdered bulk cargoes enables the highest degree of handling mechanization and maximum economic efficiency.