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目的了解西安市企业噪声危害的分布情况,为有关部门有效防控噪声提供依据。方法将企业通过安全生产监督管理系统申报的资料录入Excel 2007中,并应用SPSS 19.0进行统计学分析。结果西安市噪声危害主要分布于小、微型企业[分别有55家(14.47%)和297家(78.16%)],明显高于大、中型企业[分别有4家(1.05%)和24家(6.32%)],差异有统计学意义(χ~2=25.10,P<0.01);在行业分布上以采矿业和制造业为主,其接触人数占全部接触人数的88.26%;在地区分布上以未央区、高新区为主;经济类型方面则主要为有限责任公司和国有企业。结论国有企业、股份有限责任公司应进一步提高遵守职业病防治法意识,重视噪声危害监测、职业健康检查工作。对未央区、高新区企业噪声危害要予以关注,尤其要加强对采矿业、制造业小微型企业噪声危害的检测与防控,完善西安市企业职业病危害申报项目。
Objective To understand the distribution of noise hazards in Xi’an enterprises and provide evidences for effective prevention and control of noise by relevant departments. Methods The data declared by the enterprises through the production safety supervision and management system were entered into Excel 2007, and SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The noise hazards in Xi’an were mainly distributed in small and micro enterprises [55 (14.47%) and 297 (78.16%] respectively], significantly higher than that of large and medium-sized enterprises [4 (1.05%) and 24 6.32%)], the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 25.10, P <0.01). The mining industry and manufacturing industry were the main industries in the distribution with 88.26% of the total contact population. In Weiyang District, High-tech Zone mainly; economic types are mainly limited liability companies and state-owned enterprises. Conclusions State-owned enterprises and joint-stock limited liability companies should further improve their awareness of compliance with occupational disease prevention and control laws, attach importance to monitoring of noise hazards and occupational health checks. To pay attention to the noise hazards of enterprises in Weiyang and Hi-tech Zone, in particular, it is necessary to strengthen the detection and prevention and control of noise hazards of the mining and manufacturing small and micro enterprises and improve the reporting items of occupational hazards in enterprises in Xi’an.