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目前中国农村内部和城镇内部居民收入差距究竟是合理还是不合理呢?针对这个问题,学术界争议很大,可谓仁者见仁,智者见智。其中,有观点认为目前中国农村内部和城镇内部居民收入差距是合理的,依据之一是用收入统计资料测算的基尼系数小于0.4;依据之二是库兹涅茨的“倒U曲线假说”,即发展中国家在向发达国家过渡中,收入分配将经历“先恶化,再好转”的过程。他们相信在经济增长的早期阶段,收入差距扩大不仅是经济发展的条件,也是经济发展的结果,因此对目前中国农村内部和城镇内部居民收入差距持肯定态度。笔者认为这一观点值得商榷,并在本文中就这个问题谈谈自己的看法。
At present, it is reasonable or unreasonable whether the income gap between rural residents and urban residents in China is reasonable or not. To solve this problem, there is a great deal of controversy in the academic community. Among them, the view is that at present, the income gap between rural residents and urban residents in China is reasonable. One of them is that the Gini coefficient measured by income statistics is less than 0.4. The second one is Kuznets's “inverted U-curve hypothesis” That is, the income distribution of developing countries will experience the process of “worsening first and then getting better” in their transition to developed countries. They believe that in the early stages of economic growth, the widening income gap is not only a condition for economic development but also a result of economic development. Therefore, they hold a positive view on the current income gap among rural residents in China's rural areas and in urban areas. I think this view is questionable, and in this article to talk about their own views on this issue.