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本文利用两部门经济增长模型,测算了1985～2008年我国生产要素在农业部门的实际配置情况与最优配置比例,并以此为基础衡量了我国城乡经济资源配置失衡对经济增长的影响。结果显示,资本在我国农业部门的配置比例已趋于合理,我国城乡经济资源配置失衡主要表现为劳动力在农业部门的配置比例过高;我国的资源配置效率与美国相比仍有很大差距,通过生产要素的合理配置,会显著提升我国的人均GDP水平,并逐步消除中美之间的经济增长差距。
In this paper, we use the two-sector economic growth model to measure the actual allocation of China’s production factors in the agricultural sector and the optimal allocation ratio from 1985 to 2008, and use this as a basis to measure the impact of imbalance between urban and rural economic resource allocation on economic growth. The results show that the allocation of capital in the agricultural sector in China has tended to be reasonable. The unbalanced distribution of economic resources in urban and rural areas in China mainly shows that the allocation of labor in the agricultural sector is too high. The efficiency of resource allocation in China still lags behind that of the United States. Through rational allocation of production factors, China’s per capita GDP level will be significantly raised and the gap between economic growth between China and the United States will be gradually eliminated.