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市辖区是中国城市型行政区中的一种,代表了中国城市化、现代化的趋势,地位比较重要。从国际比较的视角来看,中国市辖区在设置方式、政治地位等方面与国外类似的城市次级行政区大体相近,但在设置目的、普遍性、规模等方面具有一定独特性。其中设置目的方面的差异直接或间接导致了中国市辖区的独特性。中国市辖区面临诸如存废之争和角色定位等问题。鉴于中国国情并借鉴国外的经验:中国市辖区有必要继续存在,但同时需要通过合理划分市政府和市辖区政府职能重新定位市辖区的角色。
Municipal districts are one of China’s urban administrative regions and represent the trend of urbanization and modernization in China. Their status is more important. From the perspective of international comparison, the municipal districts in China are generally similar to similar sub-municipal districts in foreign countries in terms of the ways of deployment and political status, but they are unique in terms of purpose, universality and scale. The differences in the purpose of setting them directly or indirectly lead to the uniqueness of China’s municipal districts. China’s municipal districts are faced with such issues as the dispute of deposit and abolition and the role localization. In view of China’s national conditions and drawing on the experience of other countries, it is necessary to continue to exist in China’s municipal districts. At the same time, it is necessary to relocate the role of municipal districts through the rational division of government functions of municipal and municipal districts.