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1911年清朝政府把民办铁路收归国有,掐死了通过铁路股票而发展出的公众广泛参与的资本市场,也阻断了中国人通过铁路公司发展引入现代型大企业管理的道路后发国家的铁路现代社会从铁路的到来开始。铁路从资本集聚上,跨越了普通工商业者资本的自我积累或是数量有限的亲朋好友集资,直接进入到了需要利用资本市场,从千千万万人手中融集资本的“公众股份公司”阶段;另一方面,铁路建设和运营所必须的统筹协调和专业人员管理,开启了现代型大企业的管理和内部控制模式。
In 1911, the Qing government turned the private railway into a state-owned state, strangling the extensive public participation in the capital market through the development of railroad stocks, and blocking the development of the Chinese people through railroads and introducing the path of modern large-scale enterprise management. Railway Modern society begins with the arrival of the railway. From the capital agglomeration, the railroad has crossed the accumulation of capital of ordinary businesspeople or a limited number of friends and relatives to go directly to the “public joint-stock company” that needs to capitalize on the capital market to raise capital from tens of millions of people. On the other hand, the co-ordination and professional management necessary for railway construction and operation have opened up the mode of management and internal control of modern large-scale enterprises.