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目的：观察胃液误吸后补充肺表面活性剂对肺组织形态的作用。方法：在定压式人工呼吸下，经气管给大鼠肺内注入胃液，造成误吸。将大鼠随机分为４组：Ｇ组仅接受人工呼吸；Ｎ组在误吸后３ｍｉｎ时接受肺冲洗；ＳⅠ组、ＳⅡ组分别于误吸后３ｍｉｎ、６０ｍｉｎ时接受肺冲洗，然后补充肺表面活性剂。结果：Ｇ组呈轻重不一的肺内病理性改变，严重区域表现为肺泡壁增厚、肺泡内充满炎性细胞和血浆成分；Ｎ组呈广泛的肺泡萎陷，形成肺水肿；ＳⅠ组及ＳⅡ组的肺泡形成及大小基本保持正常。结论：应用肺冲洗结合肺表面活性剂替代疗法可以防治误吸后的肺损伤。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of surfactant supplementation on lung morphology after aspiration of gastric juice. Methods: In constant pressure artificial respiration, the trachea was injected into the lungs of the rat gastric juice, causing aspiration. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group G received only artificial respiration; Group N received lung rinse at 3 min after aspiration; Group S and Group S received lung rinse at 3 and 60 min after aspiration, respectively, Active agent. Results: In group G, pathological changes were found in the lungs with varying severity. In severe regions, the alveolar wall was thickened, and the alveoli were filled with inflammatory cells and plasma components. N group showed extensive alveolar collapse and formed pulmonary edema. Alveolar formation and size of SⅡ group remained normal. Conclusion: Lung irrigation combined with pulmonary surfactant replacement therapy can prevent lung injury after aspiration.