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(一) 从八十年代的大多数年份所描绘的消费图示来看,我国居民的消费选择存在着明显的倾斜,居民消费支出过于集中于食品、耐用消费品等领域,而另一些属于低层需要的消费领域,如住房、医疗保健、公共交通等,其货币投入量明显不足,大大低于这一消费时代应该具有的水平。居民消费支出的构成,静态地反映了消费选择的这种倾斜。1981—1987年,我国城镇居民个人消费支出的平均构成情况是:食品55.8%,衣着14.5%,日用品和文娱用品15.6%,住房1.2%,医疗保健1.3%,公共交通1.2%,其它10.4%。如果具体地考察居民消费支出在
(1) From the consumption charts depicted in most years in the 1980s, the consumption choices of residents in our country are obviously tilted. The residents’ consumption expenditure is too concentrated in the fields of food and consumer durables, while others are in low-level needs Of the consumer sector, such as housing, health care, public transport, the amount of money input is obviously insufficient, much lower than the consumer age should have the level. The composition of household consumption expenditure statically reflects this inclination of consumer choice. From 1981 to 1987, the average composition of personal consumption expenditures of urban residents in China was 55.8% for food, 14.5% for clothes, 15.6% for daily necessities and entertainment articles, 1.2% for housing, 1.3% for health care, 1.2% for public transport and 10.4% for others. If you examine the specific consumer spending in the