当前国内建筑施工市场竞争异常激烈，甲方通常招标时间紧，并一味追求低标价。甲方聘请的预算人员一般不懂设计原理和计算公式，对施工图纸和投标的不明确项很难短时间内发现，致使许多施工单位以表面的低标价，甚至无利润或亏损的投标价中标。中标后，有经验的施工单位有很多 At present, the competition in domestic construction market is extremely fierce. Party A usually has tight bidding time and pursues low price blindly. The budgetary personnel employed by Party A generally do not understand the design principles and calculation formulas, and it is very difficult to find the unclear items of construction drawings and bids in a short period of time, resulting in many construction units winning the bid at a low price on the surface or even without any profit or loss . After the successful bidder, there are many experienced construction units