论文部分内容阅读
德军拥有一套系统完善的预备役制度,这主要归功于一系列详细的军事法规,如1972年颁布的《兵役法》、1979年出版的《联邦国防军与预备役》。统一后的德国基本沿袭了原西德的预备役法规,仅对某些规定做了部分调整和补充,体现在1992年颁布的《德国联邦国防军预备役方案》中。这些军事法规直接指导着德国预备役建设的各个方面。 1、明确来源和分类。《兵役法》规定,凡退出现役,年龄在32岁以内的军人都要转入预备役,并将其分为三类:常备预备役、紧急应征预备役和候补预备役。为适应21世纪的作战需要,德拟出台新的预备役法规,把重点放在发展海、空军和一些技术兵种的预备役部队建设上,同时压缩其他预备役人员数量。此外,《预备役方案》按一、二、三类人员对预备役人员进行编组,并根据任务将其编入战时应补充的部队:一类预备役人员主要参加
The German military has a well-established reserve system, thanks in large part to a series of detailed military regulations such as the Military Service Act of 1972 and the Federal Defense Forces and Reserve, published in 1979. After the reunification, Germany basically followed the provisions of the original West German reserve law, and only made some adjustments and supplements to certain provisions, which were reflected in the “Bundeswehr Reserve Plan” promulgated in 1992. These military regulations directly govern all aspects of German reserve construction. 1, a clear source and classification. The Military Service Law stipulates that those who retire from active service who are under the age of 32 must be transferred to reservists and divided into three categories: standing reserve, emergency reserve and standby reserve. In order to meet the operational needs of the 21st century, Germany plans to introduce a new law on reserve provisions, focusing on the development of the reserve forces for the navy, the air force and some technical arms while reducing the number of other reservists. In addition, the “Reserve Program” groups reserve personnel by category I, II and III and, based on their mission, incorporates them into the units to be added during wartime: the main participation of a class of reserve personnel