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目的:探讨冲击波致伤及爆炸性武器破片防护作用中战壕的意义。方法:实验动物为山羊26只,其中战壕组12只,开阔地组14只,分别布放于距爆心10m和15m的战壕及开阔地,某型炸弹置于地面,用电雷管引爆,先后共进行3次,观察伤后18h动物的活存情况,体表和内脏损伤情况。结果:战壕组距爆心10m的活存率为1/5,距爆心15m的活存率为7/7,而开阔地组距爆心10m的活存率为0/5,距爆心15m的活存率为1/9;战壕组均未被破片击中,而开阔地组均被破片击中;战壕组距爆心10m的动物可见严重的冲击伤,主要表现为严重的肺出血和肺水肿,而距爆心15m的战壕仅个别动物有轻、中度肺出血,开阔地组动物可因破片和冲击波的作用,引起严重的体表和内脏损伤,表现为肢体毁损、胸腹腔开放伤、肢体离断骨折、内脏器官破裂缺损等。结论:战壕可有效防止爆炸性武器破片引起的损伤,对距爆心一定距离的冲击波致伤也有较好的防护效果。
Objective: To investigate the significance of trenches in the protective effects of shockwaves and explosive weapons fragments. Methods: Twenty-six goats, including 12 in the trench group and 14 in the open field group, were placed in trenches and open areas of 10m and 15m away from the blasting center respectively. A type of bomb was placed on the ground and detonated with electric detonators. Second, observe the survival of animals 18h after injury, body surface and visceral injury. Results: The survival rate of the trench group at 10m from the blasting center was 1/5, that at the 15m from the blasting heart was 7/7, and that at the open area was 0/5 at 10m from the blasting heart and 15m from the blasting heart Was 1/9; trenches were not hit by fragments, while the open group were hit by fragments; trenches group from the groundbreaking 10m animals showed severe impact injury, mainly for severe pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary edema, In the 15m trenches, only a few animals had mild and moderate pulmonary hemorrhage. Animals in the open land could cause severe damage to the body surface and viscera due to fragmentation and shock wave. They were characterized by limb deformity, open and open wounds in the thoracic and abdominal cavity, fractures of the limbs, internal organs Organ rupture defect and so on. Conclusion: Trenches can effectively prevent the damage caused by explosive weapon fragments, and also provide better protection against shock wave injuries at a certain distance from the burst heart.