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改革开放二十年来,中国的经济结构随着经济体制改革的深入和发展已经发生了很大变化。在发展经济学上,根据经济结构的特征可以将各国经济划分为处于经济增长的若干个不同阶段。从这个理论角度看,中国经济已经处于经济“起飞”前的支柱工业集聚阶段,也可以说是处于以重化工业为主要特征的工业化前期阶段。一般而论,虽然经济落后的国家或地区在经济发展初期主要致力于建立劳动密集型的工业制造部门,以便为居民提供初始工业品和基本的就业职位,但对于大国经济而言,经济发展的模式可以是不平衡的。那些已经经历了工业发展初期阶段的传统型工业城市则力争引进、消化和吸收国外先进技术,提高本地制造业产品的技术含量,改造和深化制造业配套体系,同时向经济落后地区扩散次新技术及管理经验。
In the past two decades of reform and opening up, China’s economic structure has undergone great changes with the deepening and development of economic system reforms. In terms of development economics, according to the characteristics of the economic structure, each country’s economy can be divided into several different stages of economic growth. From this theoretical point of view, China’s economy is already at the stage of industrial agglomeration before the economic “take-off”, and it can also be said that it is in the early stage of industrialization with heavy industry as the main feature. Generally speaking, although economically backward countries or regions are mainly engaged in the establishment of labor-intensive industrial manufacturing sectors in the early stages of economic development in order to provide residents with initial industrial products and basic employment positions, for the economies of large countries, economic development The pattern can be unbalanced. The traditional industrial cities that have experienced the initial stage of industrial development strive to introduce, digest and absorb advanced foreign technologies, improve the technological content of local manufacturing products, transform and deepen the manufacturing supporting system, and spread new technologies to economically backward regions. And management experience.